Indica vs Sativa vs Hybrid Strains: What are the Difference, Benefits, and Effects?

 There is often a lot of confusion in the medical community about Indica vs Sativa vs hybrid. Medically, strains are typically classified as Indica, Sativa, or a hybrid between the two. While these three labels ( Indica vs Sativa vs hybrid) can be useful to identify strains that share physical traits and medical effects, they can also be misleading. The two major categories of cannabis are Sativa and Indica. In this article, we'll take a closer look at some of the differences between Indica and Sativa, as well as some of the ways these two types of cannabis are distinguished from each other. This information can help you determine what type of strain you should be looking for.

 

Indica vs Sativa vs Hybrid

Indica Strains Are Taller Typically, indica strains grow taller than Sativa plants. They're also generally less compact, with the difference being that Sativa plants are almost entirely opposite in shape. Indica plants typically measure up to seven inches in height, although there are strains that are half that size. This makes Indica one of the easier plants to grow, but its tall height limits it to a crop that only has a few different types of desirable qualities. Indicas tend to have a higher CBD content than most other strains.

Sativa Plants Grow Large

 Some of the smallest Indica strains tend to be the least compact, but they do have large stems, which is what gives them their name. Sativa is considered to be one of the best sources of natural CBD available today. It is the highest in CBD levels of all the cannabis strains and is well known for its ability to ease the symptoms of insomnia. While Sativa strains don't have the amount of THC, which produces the "head high," they still do grow to about the same height as Indica strains.

Hybrid CBD and Sativa Vs Indica vs Hybrid vs Sativa

 Even when it comes to THC, there isn't much difference between the three. Most hybrid strains are around half THC while most Sativa strains tend to be around a third. The difference is that CBD tends to be three times higher than THC when it comes to potency. So in effect, the two make very similar decisions when it comes to making the decision on which to use. But with CBD, there are far fewer side effects associated with the use of this particular type of cannabis.

Sativa vs Indica - When it comes to helping ease insomnia, people commonly use Indica strains because they do not contain the amount of THC which can be found in cannabis, thus allowing people to continue to function while taking a short nap or feeling "high." However, many other parts of the brain have been found to be stimulated by the same levels of THC found in cannabis. Because of this, many people commonly use Indica strains as a replacement for cannabis. This has helped ease concerns that were raised over CBD, but it is still important to use the appropriate dosage if you are taking the medicine to help ease your body's chemical needs.

Sativa vs Indica - Two different types of cannabis have been found to have very distinct effects on people who use them. Two of these are Sativa-dominant and Indica-dominant strains. Sativa dominant strains tend to get their kick from the plant itself, whereas Indica strains tend to work better with people who want to have a nice, milder marijuana experience. Many studies have been performed with both types of plants and the results have been promising. Some people prefer to take Indica strains while others prefer to take Sativa.

Why Hybrid Strains Are So Popular

  There are many reasons why hybrid strains have become so popular in recent years. One reason is that many people use them to treat certain ailments. For example, some people use indica to treat chronic pain and stress because it acts as a muscle relaxant. Other ailments that people use them for include Crohn's disease, epilepsy, and Crohn's disease (intestinal), and even head high! In fact, many patients will experience some level of head high when taking part in certain forms of therapy.

There is still more research to be done with these two plants. However, based on the current information we have, it appears that both Sativa and Indica strains are excellent choices for people who want a relaxing, healthy experience while still getting high! Both strains can also help to treat certain bodily ailments, which is why they are so popular.

Indicas

Appearance - Indica plants are tall and bushy, with short broad leaves.

Desired Effects - Indicas are formally recognized for their sedative properties that help to relax the body. To make it easy to remember that Indicas can be sedative "in the couch" sounds similar to "Indica." For this reason, many cannabis users prefer to take a dose of Indica at night before going to going to bed to relax or combat insomnia.

Strains - These are GMO Cookies, Bubba Kush as well as Purple Punch are all Indica strains that you might have encountered in the past.

Sativa strains have benefits and affect

Common effects and benefits of Sativa strains are entirely up to the one you decide to take. In general, Sativa effects increase concentration, energy, focus, and mood enhancement (uplifting) as well as an overall feeling of happiness. This is the reason why the majority of users consume it in the morning, particularly when they have a full day ahead. The positive effects and benefits of Sativa are due in large part to the terpenes called pinene and limonene. When combined with CBD and THC both pinene and the limonene compounds are very potent mood boosters with anti-anxiety and anti-stress qualities.

Sativas

Appearance - The leaves of the Sativa plant are renowned for their height and narrowness.

Desired Effects - Sativas are uplifting and invigorating. They work well with gatherings for socializing, creative work as well as physical exercise. This is why they're an extremely popular choice for taking medication throughout the day during your time of activity.

Strains - These are sativa-like Jack Herer, Super Lemon Haze, and Sour Diesel are famous Sativa strains that produce the effects of euphoria.

Indica strains benefit and have results

The benefits and effects of Indica strains differ based on the strain you select to take. In general, we suggest drinking an Indica strain late in the evening at weekends, during the week, or following a stressful working day. Why? because many strains contain the terpenes myrcene as well as limonene. Myrcene is believed to be a moderately muscle relaxant and sedative while limonene is renowned for its anti-anxiety and stress-reducing properties. When combined together with THC, both of these Terpenes produce what's called the "body high", which produces a strong feeling of balance, calm, and relaxation. It also induces the feeling of sedation, along with the relief of insomnia.

Hybrids

The terms Indica and Sativa are also used to refer to hybrids. Hybrids are plants that were bred using both indicas and sativas. "Sativa dominant" and "Indica dominant" are terms that are commonly employed by dispensaries to define the subspecies that a hybrid closely resembles. If you're a fan of Sativas as an example, you could be able to enjoy the effects of hybrids that are sativa dominant varieties the most.

Appearance - Hybrids could possess a blend of the characteristics that are the two indicas and sativas based on the genetics.

Desired Effects - Hybrids bred from Indicas and Sativas are in the middle of the spectrum. The way a particular hybrid affects someone varies based on the traits that were inherited from the parent's plants.

Strains -  Blue Dream, Wedding Cake, as well as White Widow, are popular hybrid varieties that were bred from both Sativas and Indicas.

Hybrid strains have benefits and affect

Hybrid strain's benefits and effects depend on which kind it's. If it's a dominant strain that is Sativa will likely provide you with mood enhancement and energy, as well as concentration, anxiety-reducing, and anti-inflammatory effects. If it's an Indica-dominated strain you're more likely to be able to experience relaxation and sedation (in all).

Progressive Web Apps in eCommerce: The What, Why, and How

 A lot of companies are embracing Progressive Web Apps (PWA) to boost the capabilities of their eCommerce sites. These apps provide business key benefits in terms of usage and utility that companies can leverage to boost their sales, increase client base, and maximize their profits. 

PWA apps allow users to access them even in the absence of a good internet connection like Spectrum bundles. This is, perhaps, the greatest benefit that they offer. Read on below to understand more about them and their importance in the world of eCommerce.

What are PWAs?

PWA, simply out, is a web application based on HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. However, these apps come with certain offerings that allow them to offer an elevated user experience to clients. The experience is similar to a native app and more.

According to the Google PWA checklist, it should have the following characteristics:

1. HTTPS for security
2. Responsive pages (automatic adjustment of displays on different devices)
3. Offline availability of web pages with basic features
4. Metadata file (manifest.json) to add home screen shortcuts
5. Quick loading even on poor internet connections like 3G
6. Cross-browser functionality (Chrome, Edge, Firefox, and Safari)
7. Smooth page transitions
8. You can use the Google Lighthouse tool to test if created websites are compatible with PWA or not.
9. Benefits of PWAs in ECommerce

There are many benefits of PWAs in eCommerce. Have a look at some of them below:
 

Market Success

Statistics show that a huge volume of eCommerce sales take place through mobile channels. Due to the ongoing pandemic and lockdown, this trend has increased even more. Therefore, it is the need of the hour for businesses to adopt responsive designs. Responsive web designs are now an industrial standard and websites that are not optimized for mobile devices are set for commercial failure. As a result, companies are increasingly focusing on their efforts to create mobile apps that are responsive. This is the reason there is such a huge flux of apps in the iOS AppStore and Google Play Store. Companies want their apps to have a web and mobile presence at the same time. Moreover, they want their services to be available even on slow network connections. And this is where PWAs play a huge role in ensuring market success for many companies.

Accessibility

Not every user has the time to download apps. A key offering from PWAs of adding websites directly to the home screen allows businesses to entice such users. This enables eCommerce stores with PWA implementations to enjoy major advantages over their competitors.

Push Notifications

Another useful function that PWAs have is the ability to send push notifications. With this, eCommerce stores can send in reminders of an upcoming sales event or a promotion. With convenience, they can increase their brand outreach and user engagement.

Maintenance

The separate development of a mobile and a web app requires huge cost investments. With PWAs, this cost can be significantly cut down. Therefore, PWAs allow for economic development as well.

 Implementation of PWAs

Implementation on an eCommerce website of PWAs is quite simple. You can follow standard practices for implementation on open source platforms. For SaaS solutions, you will need to touch base with your vendor and confirm if they support PWAs. For a successful implementation, two components play a vital role. They are:

• Web App Manifest
• Service Worker
• Web App Manifest

This is basically a JSON file that contains information about the website you want to change into a PWA. It allows the user to add it to the home screen. If you already own an eCommerce store then the implementation is quite easy. It will only take you a few hours to complete the integration.

Service Worker

The Service Worker runs in the background and is primarily a stand-alone service that runs in the background. In a JavaScript file, the Service Worker is responsible for push notifications and offline data management for users. For unique website implementation cases, its implementation is different and requires some time.

Make sure to provide your existing or new eCommerce website with PWAs. For users who have a good internet connection like Charter Spectrum, the website will be smooth, user-friendly, and responsive. And the good news is that the website will also be available for those users who have slow connections. Take your eCommerce game to the next level with PWAs! Happy implementation!

Android 12: Everything You Should Know About

If you are an Android user, then you will be ecstatic to know that the launch of Android 12 is just around the corner. Google is making some final changes to the next version of the OS. And one can’t help but wonder what they will be bringing to the table. For those who are thinking that Android 12 will be nothing more than a tweaked version of the previous OS, they can never be so wrong. The latest operating system will be having an overhauled interface and will include many interesting features. Smartphone users are just as excited for the launch of Android 12 as they would have been to find out a good cable TV offer like TV and internet deal service.

Android 12: Stepping Away from the Norm

Google usually used to launch the latest version of Android with the release of their new Pixel and Nexus phones. However, the company has stopped following that pattern. The previous two versions of Android, Android 10 and Android 11, came out on September 3, 2019, and September 8, 2020, respectively. Therefore, you can expect the tech giant to release its latest smartphone during the month of September. But Google hasn’t announced any official date yet.

The Betas

Earlier this year, Google released the Developer Preview of Android 12. It had a lot of developer-focused features, which included the platform stability milestone, which they planned to accomplish by August 2021. In May, they had plans to launch the beta version of Android 12 for different devices, which included Pixels. They made the second beta available for installation through OTA. At the same time, they worked to fix various bugs. Then came betas 3 and 4, which included features that Google had been working on. 

Beta 5 of Android 12, which is the final beta before the launch of the OS came out on September 8, 2021. This served as the last chance for the developers to see if the operating system was performing according to their expectations. This was the time when they decided if their new OS was ready for public release or not.

 The Features of Android 12

Android 12 is packed with many exciting features. Let’s have a look at some of them. 

1. New UI

One of the biggest features that Android 12 will be bringing is the Material You UI. The system will be pulling the colors from the wallpaper for light theming, giving your device a uniform look. You will also be allowed to tweak the Material You’s theming options. Moreover, you will be getting rounder and bigger bubbles in the notification shade. In addition, widgets will be getting a makeover as well.

2. Improvements in Quick Settings

Google has introduced some improvements in Quick Settings. For instance, you will be able to find options like Home Controls and Google Pay in that menu. According to the company, you will be able to control the entire OS with a simple swipe and tap. 

3. Launch Google Assistant in a New Way 

On Android 12, you will be able to launch the Google Assistant in a new way, and that will be by pressing the home button a bit longer. However, that doesn’t mean that you will not be able to launch it by saying, “Hey, Google.” You can do both!

4. Scrolling Screenshots

 This is a very handy feature that Google will include in Android 12. But what is this feature all about? Well, if you are taking a screenshot, then you will be able to capture more instead of taking multiple screenshots. However, this feature still needs some work. But don’t worry! The company promises to work on it further prior to the release of the OS.

Conclusion  

Android users are surely excited about the launch of Android 12, but this latest OS will not be available for all devices. For instance, Pixel 2 and Pixel 2 XL will not be getting it. However, this version of the OS will be available for Pixel 3 and Pixel 3 XL, but this will be their last hurrah. Android 12 will also be there for smartphones like the OnePlus 9 and Samsung Galaxy S21. So, are you looking forward to the launch of the latest version of Android? 

Is It Worth Investing in Influencer Marketing?

 Influencer marketing has become one of the most popular strategies that people use to promote their products and services. However, like any trend, some are buying into it and are quite optimistic about it, while others are considering it as nothing more than a baseless fad. No matter on which side you are on, there is just no certainty yet if influencer marketing is here to stay or not.

 

 Two Sides of the Same Coin

There is no doubt that marketers have benefited a lot from influencer marketing. And considering how many perks this strategy offers, there’s no surprise that more and more marketers are trying it out to improve the performance of their business. They can always check the analytics with the help of their Super Internet Deals to see if this strategy is helping them generate more revenue. But this is just one side of the story.

On the other end of the spectrum, some marketers believe influencer marketing to be a bubble that will eventually burst. These individuals think a lot about their safety and just can’t over their brand to a celebrity on a particular social media platform. Instead, such persons prefer to invest in technologies such as voice assistants and chatbots that they can control.

Identify Your Priorities

 Is influencer marketing for you? Well, the answer to this question depends on what goals you want to accomplish. For instance, if you worry too much about customer experience, then influencer marketing might not be for you. Instead, you should be using your resources and money in the creation of a seamless experience that can encourage customers to keep returning.

 But if your goal is to boost customer acquisition, then influencer marketing can prove to be a useful strategy that you can implement. You see, the thing is that influencers are great when it comes to introducing an audience to the product or service. And because of this, brands just love to reach out to social media influencers. This also helps increase brand awareness. 

3 Things to Remember While Trying Influencer Marketing 

If you want to go for influencer marketing, then there are three points that you must remember while making the investment. Let’s now take a look at them. 

1. Define Metrics 

If you are investing in influencer marketing, then you will certainly want to see its outcome. This is why you must establish what success looks like. For this, you will need to identify your key performance metrics. What is it that matters a lot to your brand, is it the number of comments or likes you get, the traffic you generate, or the sales you make? If your goals are being met, then this strategy is working perfectly for you. 

If a business is fairly new, measuring ROI can be a bit difficult. This is one of the biggest reasons why they tend to ignore influencer marketing. However, reach, and engagement can be easily measured. Also, if you want to increase conversions, then you will need to work with the influencers more closely to set a clear call to action. 

2. Authenticity Is Everything  

If you have found an influencer who has a high follower count but is not in line with what your brand stands for, then don’t go for them. This is because the type of audience the person is catering to might not like your offerings, and hence, it will result in low engagement. Therefore, it is ideal if you search for micro-influencers who have a similar audience that you are targeting. And though they might have a small follower count, they do have a solid community who trust them and will likely trust your brand as well.

3. Determine the Length of the Relationship

 Influencer marketing is not as easy as it may seem. It takes time, effort, and resources to set up an influencer program. Whenever you are about to go for this strategy, it is recommended that you determine the length of the relationship first. If you plan to use the services of the influencer for a long time, then note that it might become difficult for you to coordinate. Plus, they might not immediately provide you with ROI. However, long-term contracts will allow you to build a trustful relationship with the influencers and their audience.

Short-term engagements are easy to handle and may not require as many resources. They can seamlessly introduce you to a larger audience. It will also help you to work with multiple influencers at once, and each of them will be giving you different results.

Conclusion  

Marketing is a competitive field. And what may seem to work for one marketer doesn’t necessarily have to work for the other. With that said, yes, influencer marketing is still a strategy that people should opt for if they want to improve their business’s performance. But do keep in mind that this might not be for everyone. You have to identify your priority first before you decide anything.

Top High-Paying and Most In-Demand Skills You Can Develop

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the job industry. It has brought about a change in the overall attitude of employers and employees. It has exposed many to new skills. A friend of mine told me how he was motivated to learn SEO just by watching a program on his Cox cable connection.  

 

Learning in-demand skills offer multiple benefits. You can expand your knowledge, advance your career, and land a high-paying job. The job market is continuously evolving and it is crucial to explore new skills and capabilities. That said, you should add the following skills to your resume and you’ll reach new heights in your career. 

 

Top 7 High Paying Most Demand Skills

Blockchain

Blockchain is a digital ledger that stores and distributes transactional data. This technology offers multiple benefits like enhanced security, decentralization, and transparency. It uses cryptographic signatures to record digital transactions. Demand for blockchain is increasing and companies are leveraging this sophisticated tech to improve efficiency and productivity. 

Learning blockchain can provide you with great skills. You can equip yourself with the skills needed to draft smart contracts, design a blockchain architecture, and perform cryptography. Moreover, coding is another essential skill in the blockchain. Though blockchain is in its nascent stage, it has tremendous potential for growth. 

Cloud Computing

In simple terms, cloud computing involves the use of the internet to deliver different services. It uses web-enabled devices to perform functions like storing data and managing databases. Companies are leveraging cloud computing to easily store and backup their data. The need of the hour is to protect valuable data and information from cybercriminals. 

Cloud engineers develop and maintain cloud computing systems. They are responsible for the smooth functioning of these sophisticated tools. Cloud computing requires technical skills. As a cloud engineer, you should be able to perform data migration and ensure data security. Moreover, it involves back and forth negotiations between providers and clients. 

Artificial Intelligence

We’re living in an age where machines and artificial intelligence (AI) are performing most of the tasks. Companies around the world are focusing on AI to ensure productivity and gain important insights. Artificial intelligence is the future of businesses and AI professionals are working tirelessly to realize their ambitions.  
 

You’ll need multiple skills to become an AI professional. Engineering, coding, statistics, and software design are the allied fields of artificial intelligence. AI engineers design and test multiple models. They keep a close eye on all the technical details. After all, the end product has to be flawless. To err is human and not machine.  

Data Analysis

I cannot stress enough the importance of data. It is crucial to the long-term success of a business. Data analysis comprises multiple stages. Analysts collect, analyze, and model data to gain important insights. The process allows companies to make informed decisions and take corrective action. Such skills are in new demand due to their tremendous benefits. People with good observation, interpretation, and analytical skills can become good data analysts. 

Coding

Coding is the process of instructing computers to perform different functions. In simple terms, this is the way we communicate with computing machines. These devices rely on codes to perform functions. You can learn to write codes in many ways. Coding is a lucrative job with great growth potential. You’ll need both self-learning and professional courses to become a developer. The good news is, you don’t need a computer science degree to learn to code. 

SEO

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is used to improve the quality and quantity of website traffic. Whenever you perform a search on Google, you’ll see pages from one to infinity. The topics displayed on the first page have a higher ranking. You’ll probably see the top three and four results and click on the one you find appealing. SEO is in great demand since companies are always in the process of improving their website ranking. Organic traffic is important for brand visibility. Organizations need SEO experts to build their organic traffic.  

Digital Marketing

Billions use social media sites like Facebook, Instagram, and Twitter. The numbers skyrocketed during the peak pandemic period. Digital marketing involves the use of social media channels to engage users. The higher the number of customers, the greater the sales revenue. Companies leverage social media channels to get insightful data regarding consumer behavior and preferences. Facebook and Instagram offer dynamic marketing tools. If you run a business, digital marketing skills will come in handy.

Who is the Taliban and How did it Rise?

 With the Taliban's capture of Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan, the Taliban's control over the power of the whole of Afghanistan has been confirmed. Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and top leaders and officials of his administration have left the country. Taliban fighters continue to capture key places in Kabul. With this, the world is giving slogans of Save Afghanistan by remembering the barbaric rule of Taliban 20 years ago. After all, who are these Taliban people and how did it rise? How did the Taliban become so powerful?

Rise of the Taliban

In the 1990s, when Soviet troops began withdrawing from Afghanistan, the Taleban was born in northern Pakistan. The Taliban, which was led by Pashtuns in Afghanistan, appeared on the scene in 1994. It is believed that the Taliban emerged first through religious gatherings or madrasas. The majority of the money came from Saudi Arabia. There had been conflict between various factions after the Soviet Union's withdrawal from Afghanistan in the 1980s. People were also affected by the Mujahideen. The Afghan people welcomed the Taliban's emergence in such an environment.

The Taleban was popular initially because they prevented corruption and disorder, and made areas under their control secure so people could do business. Soon, the Taliban expanded their reach from south-west Afghanistan. The Taliban seized Herat, a province bordering Iran, in September 1995. The Taliban seized Kabul, Afghanistan's capital, one year later by overthrowing Burhanuddin Rabbani's government. In 1998, almost 90 percent of Afghanistan was under Taliban control.

Allusions of torture

Gradually, the Taliban came to be accused of cultural abuse and human rights violations. The Taliban, for example, destroyed the Bamiyan Buddha statues in 2001, despite international condemnation. The Taliban claimed that they would create a peaceful and secure environment in the Pashtun region at the Pak-Afghan border and then implement Sharia. Both in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Taliban enforced or enforced Islamic law punishments such as the execution of murder convicts and the amputations of thieves. Women were required to wear a burqa while men were expected to maintain a beard. The Taleban was also strict about TV, music, and cinema and prohibited girls under 10 years old from attending school.

Rise to Power

In Pashto, the Taliban (or "students") was an entity that emerged in the 1990s after the withdrawal of Soviet troops in Afghanistan. The majority Pashtun movement was believed to have emerged in religious seminaries, which were largely funded by Saudi Arabian money and preached a hardline Sunni Islam.

Taliban made a promise in Pashtun regions straddling Afghanistan and Pakistan to restore security and peace, and to enforce Sharia (Islamic law) once they were in power.

The Taliban quickly expanded their reach from south-western Afghanistan. They seized the bordering Iranian province of Herat in September 1995. Just one year later in 1996, the Taliban seized Kabul, the capital of Afghanistan. This was exactly one year after President Burhanuddin Rasbani, one of the founder fathers of the Afghan mujahideen who resisted Soviet occupation. In 1998, almost 90% of Afghanistan was under Taliban control.

Afghans, tired of the excesses of the mujahideen and infighting that followed the Soviets' departure, welcomed the Taliban to their ranks when they first arrived on the scene. Their success in eradicating corruption and curbing lawlessness was what made them popular. This allowed for commerce to thrive on the roads and areas they controlled.

The Taliban supported or introduced punishments that were consistent with Sharia law. These included public executions for convicted murderers and other adulterers as well as amputations for theft-related convictions. Women were required to wear the full-covering burka while men had to grow beards.

The Taliban also prohibited television, music, cinema, and disapproved of girls 10 years old and older going to school. They were also accused of various cultural and human rights violations. In 2001, the Taliban destroyed the Bamiyan Buddha statues, which were located in central Afghanistan. This was despite international protestations.

In 2001, after the 26/11 attack in the US, the Taliban were expelled from Afghanistan by US-led forces.

When the Taliban announced plans for a Qatar office, 2013 raised hopes of a negotiated cease-fire. However, mistrust on both sides continued to be high and violence continued.

The Taliban confessed in August 2015 that they had concealed Mullah Omar’s death, reportedly due to health problems at a Pakistani hospital. This was allegedly for over two years. Following weeks of infighting, the Taliban claimed they had rallied around Mullah Mansour who had been Mullah Omar's deputy.

Around the same time, Taliban also seized control over a provincial capital, their first since 2001's defeat. They took control of Kunduz, a strategically important city.

Mullah Mansour, who was killed in a drone strike by the US in May 2016, was replaced by Mawlawi Hibatullah Ashundzada. He remains in charge of the group.

How to Take control?

The Taliban began to terrorize Afghan civilians in the year that followed the US-Taliban agreement of February 2020. This was the culmination a long period of direct talks.

Journalists, judges, peace activists, women at the top of the power pyramid were all targets that suggested that the Taliban hadn't changed their extremist ideology but only their strategy.

In April 2021, Joe Biden, the US president, declared that all American forces would be leaving Afghanistan by September 21st, despite grave concerns from Afghan officials about the government's vulnerability towards the Taliban, two decades after the fall of the World Trade Center.

Although Pakistan has denied being the architect of the Taliban enterprise many times, there is no doubt that many Afghans who joined the movement initially were educated at madrassas (religious schools in Pakistan)

Along with Saudi Arabia (UAE) and Saudi Arabia, Pakistan was one of three countries that recognized the Taliban while they were in power in Afghanistan. It was also the country that severed diplomatic ties with the group.

The Taliban threatened to destabilize Pakistan in areas they controlled in the northwest at one time. The most prominent and widely condemned attack by the Pakistani Taliban was the one that Malala Yousafzai, a schoolgirl, was attempting to return home from school in Mingora in October 2012.

Two years after the massacre at the Peshawar school, a major military offensive was launched to reduce the influence of the Taliban in Pakistan. US drone strikes in 2013 killed at least three of the key figures in the Pakistani Taliban, including their leader Hakimullah Mesud.

Al-Qaeda's'sanctuary.

In the aftermath of the New York 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center, the Taliban in Afghanistan attracted the attention of the entire world. They were accused of being a refuge for Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda group.

A US-led military coalition attacked Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. The Taliban regime collapsed within the first week of December. Despite one of the most extensive manhunts anywhere, Mullah Mohammad Obmar, the group's former leader, and other senior figures including Bin Laden managed to evade capture.

According to reports, many senior Taliban leaders sought refuge in Quetta, Pakistan. From there they reportedly guided the Taliban. Islamabad denied the existence of the so-called "Quetta Shura".

Despite increasing numbers of foreign troops, the Taliban slowly regained their power in Afghanistan and expanded it. This made large areas of Afghanistan insecure and violence returned to levels not seen in Afghanistan since 2001.

Numerous Taliban attacks were made on Kabul. In September 2012, they also raided the Camp Bastion base of Nato.

After two decades of war and defeating a superpower, the Taliban took control of vast areas of territory before overthrowing a Kabul government after a withdrawal of a foreign power.

They made it across Afghanistan in 10 days and took their first provincial capital on the 6th of August. They were at Kabul's gates by 15 August.

They accelerated at lightning speed, causing thousands to flee their homes. Many arrived in Kabul, while others headed for neighbouring countries.

The Taliban's victory marks the end of almost 20 years of US-led coalition presence in Afghanistan.

Top 6 Insurance Companies in USA

 An insurance policy/plan refers to a contract between an individual (Policyholder), and an insurance company ("Provider”). The contract requires you to pay regular premiums to the insurer. They will pay you if you are unfortunate enough to lose your life or to damage your house.

Insurance offers many benefits, including cover against uncertainties, cash flow management and Investment Opportunities. Let's learn more about the top six insurance companies in USA.

Pronto Insurance

Pronto Insurance, one of South Texas' fastest-growing general agents, is now a Gallagher member. Gallagher is a global expert in risk management solutions. The agency was established in 1997, and the management of general agency operations began in 2005. Through its franchise locations, independent agents and captive agencies, Pronto has made a name for itself in the insurance industry. Pronto currently has 160 locations in Texas, with recent expansions into California and Florida. Pronto Insurance products have made it the industry leader.

Pronto Insurance Services offers quality insurance coverage at a reasonable price. The team of experts can help you design a policy that suits your needs, whether it is auto, home, renters or business insurance. They are agents for many of the country's most reputable insurance companies and can help you find the best price and coverage options that suit your needs based on what you live.

Service Products and Contact Information for Support and Inquiry

Pronto Insurance provides insurance policies for cars, boats, homes, rent, RV's and boats, as well as mobile phones, watercraft, commercial, and commercial. You can reach Pronto Insurance agents near you by calling, messaging, and emailing. For any inquiry and support, you can email CustomerService@prontoinsurance.com or call on 1-855-200-4567. You can visit Website:- Pronto Insurance

Estrella Insurance

Estrella Insurance, Inc. is an insurance broker. The company offers affordable insurance to clients for their auto, home/renters and commercial vehicles. Estrella Insurance provides insurance services to customers throughout the United States.

We have been proud to provide clients with high-quality insurance and help them save money for over 40 years.

Service Area

Estrella Insurance provides insurance services from more than 30 companies in Florida, Arizona and Texas. They also offer services in Nevada, Colorado and Miami.

Contact Information for Support and Inquiry

For any query and find the home and business insurance agent near me a contact at Email: general@estrellainsurance.com Call Us: 1-800 Car Insurance. For any online support Email: support@estrellainsurance.com. You can also visit Website:- Estrella Insurance

Mercury Insurance

Mercury General Corporation offers multiple insurance options, including personal, home, renter, and business insurance. The company was founded in 1961 and is headquartered in Los Angeles.

The Company offered comprehensive coverage options including auto, home, condo, and renters insurances as well as mechanical protection. Our Special Investigations Unit (SIU), which works with federal and local law enforcement, helps to eliminate hundreds of fraud rings and scammers every year. This will save you from having to pay additional premiums for phony claims payouts. Mercury authorized auto shops have been designated by us to provide hassle-free vehicle repairs. All repairs are covered for as long you own the vehicle.

Mercury Insurance understands that you want the best insurance company. You also need the right amount of coverage to protect your family and your property. You don't have to choose one over the other. We believe that you should have the best of both. Our local agents can help you create the perfect insurance policy. Low rates are accompanied by excellent coverage. This is what makes us different from other insurance companies. That's why we are the clear choice in insurance.

Mercury Insurance Service Area and Contact Details

Mercury Insurance offers the service in California and New York. It also provides services in Texas, New Jersey Florida, Ohio, Ohio, Oklahoma, and other states in the US. Call (866) 657-5902 to get more information or a quote. For direct register and login Mercury Insurance click here:- Mercury Insurance Login

Philadelphia Insurance

Philadelphia Insurance Company (PHLY), has been providing industry-leading expertise for over 55 years and unparalleled customer service. The PHLY company is based in Bala Cynwyd (PA) and provides services and coverages that add value to select industries throughout the United States. It has 50 offices strategically located across the US, from which it designs and markets commercial P&C and professional insurance products for selected markets.

The company was founded in 1980. It currently has several subsidiaries, including Maguire Insurance Agency, Inc. (an insurer market firm), Tokio Marin Specialty Insurance Company ("a surplus lines insurer") and Philadelphia Indemnity Insurance Company ("PHLY's most prominent P&C insurer).

PHLY is a national Property/Casualty and Professional Liability insurer that underwrites and designs commercial products and services.

PHLY provides specialized insurance products for over 120 niche markets. These include: cybersecurity, commercial auto; entertainment & recreational; habitation and health & fit; education; entertainment & leisure; habitation and fitness; non-profit & human services; outdoor products and public services; real property; special events; sports management & professional liability; surety bond; excess & surplus lines and antique collector cars.

PHLY Contact Details

For any inquiry and customer service information, you can call 1-877-438-745 or email on service@phly.com, You can visit their Website:- PHLY

A-Max Insurance

A-MAX is an independent insurance agent and can shop for the best rates and coverage options from more than 20 Insurance companies. A-MAX works with each driver to determine the best price and coverage options.

A-MAX Auto Insurance is a company that specializes in low-cost insurance for customers and businesses. The headquarters of the company is located in Dallas, Texas. Since 2002, A-MAX Auto Insurance has seen rapid growth. Today, there are more than 200 offices located in major cities across the country.

A-MAX strives to exceed expectations. We continue to demonstrate our commitment to excellent service, affordable rates, convenient locations, and exceptional customer service. It is easy to purchase insurance for a company.

A-MAX is an independent insurance agent and can shop for the best rates and coverage options from more than 20 Insurance companies. A-MAX works with each driver to determine the best price and coverage options.

A-Max offers the service in Texas, Dallas and Austin, Houston, San Antonio and Midland, as well as other US cities. For any inquiry and support, you can email info@amaxinsurance.com or call on 1-800-979-AMAX. Visit the website here:- A-MAX Insurance 

Aspire Insurance

Aspire General Insurance Company, a California-based private passenger auto liability and damage carrier, has over 100 years of combined management experience. It serves the needs of its customers. Aspire Group of Companies manages all aspects of the insurance process, from sales issuance with Independent Brokers to customer service billing and claim handling. Aspire General Insurance Company, through its affiliate general agent Aspire General Insurance Services LLC, underwrites all policies. Aspire Claims Services handles all claims.

Aspire is committed to providing the best customer service and technological solutions at an affordable price for its policyholders. Aspire strives to be the best in customer service by offering flexible payment options, electronic and credit-card payments, low down payments and online and mobile policy servicing.

Customer satisfaction and service

Aspire is a top-rated auto insurance provider by providing reliable and consistent customer service, claim handling, and investing in the most recent technology. Aspire's call center solutions are unique and provide high levels of customer satisfaction. They offer quick and responsive responses in both the claims and customer service departments.

Contact Information for Support and Inquiry

For any inquiry and support, you can email customerservice@agicins.com or call on (877) 789-4742. You can also visit their website for more details - Aspire Insurance
 

8 Most Popular and Challenging Yoga Poses for Beginners and Advanced

Yoga is a combination of mental and physical exercises that have been practiced for thousands of years. Yoga practitioners all over the world have been hooked. Yoga isn't a difficult practice. To reap the benefits, you should become a yogi (or yogini). Yoga is for everyone, no matter your age, fitness level, or weight. yoga has the ability to calm the mind, and strengthen the body. Yoga is not something to be afraid of Yoga terminology, fancy yoga studios, and difficult poses. Yoga is for everyone.

 

8 Yoga Challenge Poses That You Must Know

Yoga poses are the building blocks of yoga. These are great to learn when you start to build a routine.

Frog Pose Yoga

Frog pose is known as 'Bhekasana' in Sanskrit. This Yoga poses that open your hips, groin muscles and increases circulation can be beneficial for improving blood flow and posture. After a warm-up, the frog pose can be a great addition to your yoga practice. Included are a few rounds of sun salutations, lunges, or lunge variations that start opening. Your hips are open and you can prepare for the deeper stretch in frog pose.

How does the frog pose (Bhekasana)?

1. Consider using a blanket or yoga mat underneath if you have sensitive knees.
2. This position will allow you to relax your knees. This will reduce the pressure on your knees.
3. Place your hands on the tabletop, palms up, and bend down to reach your knees.
4. Spread your knees by sliding your hips wider than your hips.
5. Place your heels so that your knees are in line with your heels.
6. To point your toes outward, bend your feet.
7. Now, move your hands forward and place both of your forearms on the ground.
8. Lift your stomach off the ground.
9. Place your shoulders above your elbows, and your body weight on the forearm's hands.
10. Allow your hips to hang down and relax.

Frog pose benefits

• This pose is good for diabetics because it maintains insulin levels.
• It reduces abdominal pain.
• Frog pose improves digestion. It also eliminates gastric disorders such as gas, acidity, and pH.
• You can regulate your period by doing the frog position daily.
• Frog pose is helpful in controlling hormones.
• It aids in weight loss and increases muscle endurance.
• It can help with anxiety and stress relief.
• It can also flatten your stomach.

Avoid this pose if you are experiencing any of these problems

This pose can cause strain to the groin, sacroiliac, and sacroiliac. Avoid these areas if you are bitten.

• If you have injured your ankles or are weak in the area, avoid this pose.
• If you have severe back pain, don't attempt this pose.
• It is not recommended that anyone who has had abdominal surgery should do it again.
• This asana should not be performed by people with knee pain.
• This should be avoided by pregnant women.
• This pose should be avoided during menstrual cycles.
• This asana should be avoided by those with heart disease.

Boat Pose Yoga

Yoga enthusiasts and yogis recognize the boat pose as a classic pose to strengthen your abdominal muscles. This pose can be analog to the letter V, an important addition to your yoga or workout routines.

How to do Boat Pose (Navasana)?

1. Start in a seated position, with your knees bent, and your feet flat on to the floor.
2. Your feet should be lifted off the ground. At first, bend your knees and keep your shins parallel to each other Floor. This is the half-boat pose.
3. The natural fall of your torso is normal, but don't let your spine turn.
4. If you are able to straighten your legs at a 45-degree angle, but without losing your integrity,
5. Your upper body. Keep your torso straight so it forms a V.
6. Shape with your legs.
7. Straighten your arms parallel to the ground with your shoulders.
8. Turn your palms up.
9. Try to balance on your sit bones. It's okay if you feel a little behind.
10. These are your best options. To support your balance, focus on raising your chest.
11. Keep your eyes open for five minutes.
12. Take a deep inhale and let your legs relax. Next, exhale and then sit up.

Benefits of yoga boat pose

Boat Pose has a wide range of functions. The most visible and effective Boat Pose is when it's done correctly and consistently.

These benefits include:

• Stimulates the abdominal, hip flexors, and spine.
• Stimulates the kidneys, prostate, and thyroid.
• Stress relief
• Increases digestion

Avoid this pose if you are experiencing any of these problems

• Diarrhea
• Low blood pressure
• Neck problems or injury
• Pregnancy

Camel Pose Yoga

You can increase your energy levels by bending down into Camel Pose (also known as Urstrasana, in Sanskrit). Urstrasana is a remedy for slouching. It relieves lower back pain by a generous, heartfelt approach. It is possible to stretch and build confidence.

How to Do Camel Pose (Ustrasana)?

1. Place your hands on your hips and kneel on the yoga mat.
2. Your knees should align with your shoulders, and the soles of your feet should face forward the ceiling.
3. Inhale and draw your tailbone towards the pubis.
4. You can also arch your back while simultaneously slipping your hands over your feet until your arms are straight.
5. Avoid straining or flexing your neck, but instead, keep it neutral.
6. For a few seconds, remain in this position.
7. Breathe in and slowly return to the original pose. Take your hands off the floor and place them in front of you.
8. Straighten your body and bring your hips back.

The Camel Pose benefits

• It improves digestion.
• It opens and stretches the front of your body. It strengthens the back, shoulders, and neck.
• It relieves lower back pain.
• It improves the flexibility of your spine and posture.
• It can help you get rid of your menstrual discomfort.

Avoid this pose if you are experiencing any of these problems

• Camel Pose should not be attempted if you have ever had a chronic injury.
• Knees, shoulders, and neck.
• Do not force your body into a pose unless it is able to do so naturally.
• You should only bend as far as your body will allow. You will slowly build your skills with continued practice.
• Flexibility to reach the pose.

Eagle Pose Yoga

Eagle Pose requires strength, flexibility, endurance, concentration, and unwavering focus.

How to do Eagle Pose (Garudasana) in Yoga?

1. Move your weight to your left foot.
2. Your right foot should be lifted off the ground.
3. Cross your right leg over your left.
4. Your right foot should be positioned around your left calf.
5. Place both your arms in front of yourself and bring them parallel to the ground.
6. Cross your arms so that the left arm crosses over the right. Hook your elbows. Arms
7. Hooked, bring your forearms together, and wrap your right hand around your left.
8. Cross your wrists. (If one leg is on top, the other arm should be on top.
9. Keep your elbows at the same height as your shoulders, but keep your shoulders down.
10. Keep your ears open.
11. Your spine should be parallel to the ground and your crown must be raised.
12. Keep going for five to ten minutes.
13. Repeat the process on the opposite side.

Eagle Pose Yoga benefits

• Stabilizes and stretches the calves and ankles
• Stretch the legs, hips, and shoulders.
• Concentration increases
• Increases your sense of balance
• Flexibility is increased by loosening the hips and legs.
• Contraindications to Eagle Pose

Precautions

If you have recently suffered a knee, ankle, elbow, or wrist injury, don't try this pose.

Bow Pose Yoga

To feel energetically loaded and ready to shoot, bend back into the bow shape.

How to do Bow Pose (Dhanurasana)?

• Place your hands on the stomach and place your arms at your sides.
• Place your hands on your hips and bend your knees.
• Breathe in and lift your chest up. Next, pull your legs towards the back and bring your legs to the surface.
• Smile and look straight ahead.
• Maintain a stable pose and pay attention to your breathing.
• Now your body is as straight and taut as a bow.
• As you relax into this pose, take deep, long breaths. However, you should only bend as far as your body will allow.
• Don't overdo it with the stretching.
• As you exhale, after about 15 to 20 seconds, slowly bring your legs and chest down to the ground. Relax your ankles. 

Benefits of Bow Pose Yoga

• It is effective in weight loss.
• It improves digestion and appetite.
• This product can be used to treat dyspepsia (obesity), and rheumatism.
• The cure for constipation.
• Increases blood circulation.
• Flexibility to the back.
• Stimulates the back muscles.
• Enhance the function of the liver and pancreas.
• As a stress reliever
• Stimulates the ankles, thighs, and groins.
• Menstrual disorders can be treated.
• Enhance the function of the liver and kidneys.
• It improves your posture.
• It can help you get rid of your pain.
• Asthma and other respiratory disorders can be treated.
• It is helpful to stimulate the reproductive organs.
• It is beneficial for diabetes and improves the function of your pancreas.

Avoid this pose if you are experiencing any of these problems

• The pose should relieve your back pain. If you feel pain, get out of this pose safely.
• You should consult your doctor if you have any pre-existing neck pain, back pain, or injury to determine if this pose is possible for you.
• This pose is not recommended for pregnant women. Your weight will shift to your stomach.
• This pose is not recommended for patients with a hernia or high blood pressure.
  

 

Mountain Pose Yoga

 

Mountain Pose is the foundation of all standing positions. It can be used as a resting position or as a starting point for improving posture.

How to do Mountain Pose Yoga (Tadasana)?

1. Place your feet apart so that you can balance your weight equally on each foot.
2. Take a deep breath, lift your arms up above your head and lock your fingers, palms facing upwards.
3. Lift your shoulders towards your ears. Inhale and roll your shoulders back position.
4. Relax all muscles of your face, even your tongue.
5. Relax your eyes and keep a steady gaze.
6. Relax and return to your normal position.

Mountain Pose Benefits

• It improves posture, opens the chest, and lengthens your spine.
• Gently strengthen the legs, buttocks, and thighs
• It can also be beneficial for increasing awareness and concentration
• Sciatica relief and reduction of flat feet
• Relaxes tension in the face

Mountain Pose: Precautions

Mountain Pose Yoga is generally considered a safe position unless you feel dizzy or lightheaded. You may need to take a more stable stance if you're pregnant.

Half Moon Pose Yoga

Half Moon Pose, which is a balancing pose that combines stability with leg and ankle strength, is a great way to show your support.

How to Half Moon Pose (Ardha Chandrasana)?

• Keep your feet together.
• Spread your legs out and reach your arms up to form a T shape.
• Your left foot should be turned slightly inward, and your right foot and leg should be turned outward.
• Inhale and bring your right hand towards your shin. Your left hand toward your hip.
• Start by bending your right knee. Next, shift your right hand forward and place it slightly to the outside of your foot.

Half Moon Pose Yoga Benefits

• Stimulates the abdomen, ankles, and thighs as well as the buttocks and spine.
• Stretches the groin, hamstrings, calves, shoulders, and chest.
• Increases coordination and balance
• Stress relief
• Increases digestion

Avoid this pose if you are experiencing any of these problems

• Do not turn your head upward if you have neck problems. Instead, look straight ahead and make sure both sides of your neck are equally long.
• Headache or migraine
• Low blood pressure
• Diarrhea
• Insomnia

Lizard Pose Yoga

 Lizard Pose (Utthan Pristhasana), is a deep hip opener. It targets the gluteus maximus and hip flexors include the lower back.

How to do Lizard Pose (Utthan Pristhasana)?

1. Inhale and step your right foot towards the outside of your right hand. Your toes should be in line with your mat's front.
2. With your fingers. Your right knee should be bent at 90 degrees and placed above your ankle. Your toes should be pointed out at 45 degrees.
3. As you inhale, bring your elbows towards the floor and place your forearms flat onto your mat. Spread your palms on the floor.
4. Your head should be in a neutral, relaxed place.
5. To keep your left leg active, exhale and press your left heel. This will ensure that your hips don’t drop to the ground.
6. Take 5 deep, complete breaths.
7. Once you are ready to let go of the pose, inhale deeply and raise your arms up so that your wrists touch your shoulders.
8. Take a deep breath and then step back to Downward Dog.
9. For several deep breaths, stay in the starting position.
10. To ensure that the pose is equally performed on both sides, repeat the steps with your left foot forward.

Benefits of Lizard Pose Yoga

• Opens hips, hip flexors, hamstrings, and groins
• Stimulates the inner thigh muscles of the front leg
• Release the chest, shoulders, and neck.
• Preparation for deeper hip openings

How to do Reserve Alamo Rental Car and What its Charges?

Why is it so much fun to go on holiday? It is exciting and fun; it provides a break from our daily routines and allows us to spend time with our loved ones. But, getting to your destination is only one part of the journey. To get around, you would either need public transport or a taxi service. Even the most well-researched travel plans can be ruined by not having the right transportation.

 

A car rental service allows you to plan your trip according to your own convenience. You may find that the public transport schedule doesn't align with your itinerary, especially on public holidays. You can start your day at any time you like, stop whenever you like, and change things as you go.

A car rental service makes it easy to travel and is affordable. You only need to choose a car and book online.

Alamo provides low rental rates, as well as a hassle-free experience for customers at some of the most popular destinations around the globe. Alamo Rent a Car, a rental car agency, is based in Clayton Missouri, United States. It has branches in North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Oceania. Enterprise Holdings owns Alamo, as well as other agencies such Enterprise Rent-A-Car or National Car Rental. Alamo caters to budget-conscious leisure travelers and is the largest provider of car rentals to international tourists visiting North America.

What is the charges of the Alamo Rental Car?

Alamo car Rentals fees vary depending on rental location, return location, and time of the year. Some two-way rentals have a drop and pick-up time that varies depending on the drop location, pickup location, and gap between pickup and drop. Toll roads will be charged as well.

One-way rentals may be subject to a mileage or drop fee. This fee is also known as an "inter-city" fee. You may pay a higher rate if you return to the exact same place where the car was collected. Rents returned to the same city may be subject to a mileage charge, a drop fee, or a higher rate.

Please review the rules and charges for Authorized Driving Areas International before you take your rental car from one country to the next.

For a online Reservation for Alamo rental cars click here:- Star a Reservation

Alamo Rental Car Service Countries

North America

We serve in 351 locations around North America in 3 Countries are Canada, Mexico, and United States.

Europe

We serve 38 Europe Countries are Albania, Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia,  Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Luxembourg, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, and Slovenia.

Central America & Caribbean

We serve in 120 locations around Central America & the Caribbean in 19 Countries are Aruba, Barbados, Belize, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Costa Rica, Curacao, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, and Trinidad, and Tobago.

South America

We serve in 295 locations around South America in 9 Countries are Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, and Uruguay.

Africa & Middle East

We serve in 35 locations around Africa & Middle East in 8 Countries are Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Qatar, Réunion, Saudi Arabia,  and United Arab Emirates.

Asia and Pacific

We serve in 35 locations around Asia & the Pacific in 8 Countries are Australia, Guam, Japan, New Zealand, Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, and the Philippines.

Italian Astrophysicist Margherita Hack About, Works and Awards

"The lady of the Stars" and credited to have found asteroid 8558 Hack in 1995, Margherita Hack was born on June 12, 1922, in Florence in through Caselli, near Campo di Marte to Roberto and Maria Luisa Poggesi. Hack has been full professor of astronomy at the University of Trieste from 1964 to 1992. She was also the first Italian woman to administrate the Trieste Astronomical Observatory from 1964 to 1987. Hack had worked at several American and European observatories and was also a member of working groups of European Space Agency (ESA) and NASA. Hack had several first papers published in international Journals and books on astronomy.

About Margherita Hack

Her paternal grandfather was Swiss-German, his dad had a diploma in accounting and had Built up, as a self-taught, a good scientific culture, too by studying the texts of this French astronomer Camille Flammarion. When Margherita was born, her father had a project in an Electricity generation company for Tuscany; her mother, born in 1887, had a master's degree and also a degree in Fine Arts and until her arrival she had taught, but worked as a clerk. To that the telegraph.

Between 1926 and 1927, the family needed to move from via Caselli into the more modest via Leonardo Ximenes, additionally because of the dismissal of their father, which occurred for a suspected Tuberculosis, but more likely originated from socialist ideas. Ever since that time Roberto no more had a permanent job and Maria Teresa, putting her skills to good use, started making copies and miniatures at the Uffizi museum, subsequently selling them to tourists.

Margherita learned to read from himself and, from October 1928, she was admitted to the second grade of this San Gaggio elementary school. In 1929 the parents began to take an interest in theosophy: the father was to get a particular period secretary of the German Theosophical Society, under the presidency of the countess Luisa Gamberini-Cavallini, a majestic Roman matron, as Margherita clarified her. The sole sway that theosophy had on her was a vegetarian since she did not share other orders of the philosophy with her parents.

 

Hack's scientific interests and research activity covered a wide selection of topics. Her main field of experience concerned the observation and interpretation of the spectroscopic features of stars. Her research in this field involved the study of the chemical composition of celebrities, as well as their surface gravity and temperature. In his youth, Hack successfully practiced basketball and athletics. She was winner of long and high jump in university championships (below the fascist regime they were known as Littoriali ). Remembering her adolescence she explained"We were nationalists, we moved to Rallies we played sports, we had a great deal of fun”. I had been a herculean before 1938, until the day that they entered force the governmental legislation". February 19, 1944, albeit at first reluctant awarded his atheism, Married using a spiritual ceremony, in the church of San Leonardo in Arcetri, the scholar Aldo De Rosa, his companion until the end of his times.

She died at the age of 91 on 29 June 2013, at 4:30 in the morning, at the Cattinara hospital in Trieste, in which she'd been hospitalized for a week for heart problems; for approximately two years he had had troubles of a respiratory and motor character.

She maintained the seat of complete professor of astronomy at the University of Trieste in 1964 to 1 November 1992, the season in which she was placed"out of office" due to seniority. She had been the first Italian woman to steer the Trieste Astronomical Observatory in 1964 to 1987, Bringing it to global fame.

Member among their most prestigious physical and astronomical societies, Hack has been also Director of the Department of Astronomy at the University of Trieste in 1985 to 1991 and also from 1994 to 1997 . She was a member of the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (national Manhood in the course of mathematical and natural sciences that are physical; next category: Astronomy, geodesy, geophysics and applications; part A: Astronomy and applications).

She has worked with a number of American and European observatories and continues to be for a long time a member of the working groups of ESA and NASA. In Italy, having an intense work of marketing he obtained which the Italian astronomical community expand its action in the usage of satellites reaching a level of international renown.

He's published numerous original functions in international journals and many popular Along with university-level publications. Margherita Hack in 1978 established the bimonthly magazine L'Astronomia whose first problem dates back to November 1979 subsequently, together with Corrado Lamberti, he directed the scientific and astronomical culture magazine Le Stelle. In 1994 he obtained the Giuseppe Piazzi Plaque for scientific study. In 1995 he obtained That the Cortina Ulisse International Prize for scientific dissemination.

Work

•     Stellar physics course. Interpretation of stellar spectra , Florence, University Publishing, 1955.
•     The nebulae and the universe-islands , with Giorgio Abetti , Turin, Scientific Ed. Einaudi, 1959; Turin, Boringhieri, 1968.
•     Radio astronomy. Discovering a new aspect of the universe , Bari, Laterza, 1960.
•     The universe. Planets, stars and galaxies , Milan, Feltrinelli, 1963; 1967.
•     Radio astronomy explorations , Turin, Boringhieri, 1964.
•     Astronomy course , Trieste, Astronomical Observatory, 1967.
•     Astrophysics of today , Milan, The sciences, 1973.
•     The sky around us , Novara, De Agostini Geographic Institute, 1977.
•     Brief history and recent developments of the Trieste Astronomical Observatory , Trieste, Astronomical Observatory, 1983.
•     The violent universe of radio astronomy , Milan, Mondadori scientific and technical editions, 1983.
•     The universe: at the boundaries of space and time , with Francesco Bertola and Tullio Regge , Milan, Fabbri, 1983.
•     Astronomy course , directed by and with Corrado Lamberti , 6 vols., Milan, Fabbri, 1984.
•     Astronomy course. Elements of spherical astronomy, astronomical instruments, stellar physics: fundamental parameters, notes on stellar structure and evolution, the galaxy: dimensions, motions and physical structure, galaxies and clusters of galaxies, the sun and the solar system , Milan, Hoepli , 1984.
•     Our galaxy , edited by, Milan, The Sciences, 1984.
•     The book of astronomy , edited by, Milan, Fabbri, 1985; Milan, Bompiani, 1987.
•     The galaxy and its populations. Encounters with the stars , Trieste, Editorial, 1989.
•     The universe on the threshold of 2000 , Milan, Rizzoli, 1992.
•     Discovering the solar system , with Alessandro Braccesi and Giovanni Caprara , Milan, A. Mondadori, 1993.
•     Cataclysmic Variables and Related Objects , with Constanze la Dous , Paris-Washington DC, Center National de la Recherche Scientifique-National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1993.
•     Contemporary cosmogonies. Current theories on the origin of the universe , Trieste, Editorial science, 1994.
•     A life among the stars , Rome, Di Renzo, 1995.
•     The friend of the stars. ... Story of a life ... , Milan, Rizzoli, 1998.
•     Seven variations on the sky , Milan, Cortina, 1999.
•     The Universe on the threshold of the third millennium , Milan, Rizzoli Universal Library, 2000.
•     Origin and end of the universe with Pippo Battaglia and Walter Ferreri , Turin, Utet Libreria, 2002.
•     History of astronomy from its origins to 2000 and beyond , Rome, Edizioni dell'Altana, 2002.
•     Developed as a completion of Giacomo Leopardi's History of Astronomy (1813) .
•     I'll tell you about astronomy , in collaboration with Loris Dilena and Aline Cendon , Rome-Bari, Laterza, 2002.
•     Where the stars are born , Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2004.
•     Something unexpected. My affections, my values, my passions , in collaboration with Mauro Scanu , Rome-Bari, Laterza, 2004.
•     The idea of ​​time , with Pippo Battaglia and Rosolino Buccheri , Turin, UTET Libreria, 2005.
•     Ideas for becoming an astrophysicist. Observing the stars to explain the universe , Bologna, Zanichelli, 2005.
•     Margherita's universe. History and stories of Margherita Hack , with Simona Cerrato , Trieste, Editoriale Scienza, 2006.
•     Thus speak the stars. [The cosmos explained to children] , with Eda Gjergo , Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2007.
•     My zoo under the stars , with Bianca Pauluzzi , Rome, Di Renzo, 2007.
•     The universe in the third millennium , Milan, BUR, 2007.
•     What is the universe? , with audio CD, Rome, Sossella, 2008.
•     My fables. [From Pinocchio to Harry Potter (passing through Berlusconi)] , Rome, Edizioni dell'Altana, 2008.
•     From the solar system to the borders of the Universe , Naples, Liguori, 2009.
•     Free science in a free state , Milan, Rizzoli, 2010.
•     When I understood why the saddles of the racing bike are so narrow , in My first bicycle , Portogruaro, Ediciclo, 2010.
•     Night of stars , with Viviano Domenici , Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2010.
•     Why don't the stars fall on our heads? And many other questions on astronomy , with Federico Taddia , Florence-Trieste, Editorial science, 2010.
•     The soul of the earth seen from the stars , with Ginevra Di Marco , with DVD-Video, Rome-Reggio Emilia, Aliberti, 2011.
•     Marco Alloni talks with Margherita Hack. The sun is not now , Reggio Emilia, Aliberti, 2011.
•     My life on a bicycle , Portogruaro, Ediciclo, 2011.
•     My infinity. God, life and the universe in the reflections of an atheist scientist , Milan, Dalai, 2011.
•     Because I am a vegetarian , Rome, Edizioni dell'Altana, 2011.
•     Everything starts with the stars. Journey at the speed of light between planets, stars and galaxies , with Gianluca Ranzini , Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2011.
•     The cats of my life , Trieste, Scienza Express, 2012.
•     Hack! As I see the world , Siena, Barbera, 2012.
•     The farthest star. Reflections on life, ethics and science , Massa, Transeuropa, 2012.
•     I believe. Dialogue between an atheist and a priest with Pierluigi Di Piazza , Portogruaro, Nuovadimensione, 2012.
•     The long story of the origin. The great myths and theories with which humanity explained the universe , with Walter Ferreri and Guido Cossard , Milan, Dalai, 2012.
•     Margherita Hack tells about Ptolemy and Copernicus. From the stars the measure of man , Rome, L'Espresso Publishing Group, 2012.
•     Nine lives like cats. My first ninety secular and rebellious years , with Federico Taddia , Milan, Rizzoli, 2012.
•     Under a starry dome. Dialogue with Marco Santarelli on science and ethics , Turin, Einaudi, 2012.
•     Scary stars , with Gianluca Ranzini , Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2012.
•     The sky around us. Journey from the earth to the edge of the unknown to understand our place in the universe , with Steno Ferluga , Milan, Dalai, 2012.
•     I do not know why. Autobiography in words and images , with DVD, Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2013.
•     Stars, planets and galaxies. Journey into the history of astronomy: from antiquity to today , with Massimo Ramella , Trieste, Editoriale Scienza, 2013.
•     Preface to Gabriele Turola's book Mysteries of art and magic. Painters, alchemists, mediums , Ferrara, Faust Edizioni, 2013.
•     Is there anyone out there? , with Viviano Domenici , Milan, Sperling & Kupfer, 2013.
•     " In full freedom and awareness. To live and die as a layman. ", With Nicla Panciera, Baldini & Castoldi, 2013.

 

Awards

She was awarded the honorary citizenship of their municipalities of all Castelbellino, di Medicina and San Casciano in Val di Pesa. Back in 1994, Margherita Hack was given the Targa Giuseppe Piazzi for her scientific study. She obtained Cortina Ulisse International Prize for scientific dissemination 1995. She was conferred the name of "Dama di Gran Croce", the Highest award given by the Italian government, at 90.